Known in the past avtogonschik, now a journalist, Mikhail Gorbachev, shares his experience with beginning drivers. However, we think his advice relevant not only for beginners. I start talking about the active style of driving, not because the car - this is the most dangerous mode of transport, and many people are killed in auto catastrophe. It is also because the car - a source of increased risk. I start talking about the correct style of management because it speaks to them man gets from driving a car with nothing comparable is not fun.
Conduct a mini-test, while driving your car on the streets of large cities with heavy traffic. If you are constantly hampered by other cars, then you have to do something wrong.
Can I learn to drive a car on the book? Of course, but to fully do so, you can only mastering practice. Most drivers in the driving perpetuate their own mistakes, and from the accident to save only a miracle. A small group of drivers gradually accumulating experience, analyze their actions, has benefited from their mistakes, and they eventually become a good, safe drivers. I see my task is to shorten the process and give practical advice, which advanced driver ispoveduya active driving style, able to act appropriately in any road situation.
What is an active style? That means always monitor the situation on the road, subtly feel that is unmistakably define border adhesion to the road. In the end, it means not to depend on other participants in the movement. You follow in the general stream of cars, but on its own trajectory. Neither driver is unable to prevent you.
There is one aspect. Today's vehicles offer a level of comfort that the feedback they be reduced to zero. This means that a driver as though immersed in the virtual space: the windscreen of the car turns the computer screen, and the steering wheel becomes the joystick. The car behaves so confidently on the road, it seems possible to take a turn at any speed. In fact, it is not. Due to enter the laws of physics.
Instructor driving when behind the wheel puts the novice and teaches him get away by car, do not tell what to do next: how to brake, as the place turns, how to prevent an emergency situation or how to reduce the effects of an emergency situation to a minimum. Funny and sad to watch the skier to descend the mountain on skis running. The fall inexorably. It completes the clumsy, discrete steps skier trying to do the impossible. Some also look like a novice driver behind the wheel: he does not drive a car, while trying to maintain it, not knowing that he vykinet in the next second. Downhill skiing has a lot to do with driving. Anyway, here it is a controlled slip. For many drivers skidding car, a bank, is imminent accident - he was out of control. For the driver thinks active style mole is not terrible.
Roads are covered with snow and ice. And their shoulders - smashed cars.
If you possess an active style of driving a car, your car will not be among them. Let's begin right from skidding. To the car did not go in the West, it must be very careful. Employees road patrol recommend to reduce speed. The same thing you read in textbooks on driving. Is it in the arsenal of the driver is only one tool against drifts - slowing down? Of course not! Bringing the car to win is very simple - you need to learn to control it completely. To achieve this, you must learn to artificially cause skidding car. If you can do it, so can at any time, whenever you want, to stop it. The whole complex is just that peredneprivodny, rear wheel drive vehicles, or behave in the event of a drift in different ways. And in order to pacify the car, it is necessary to act according to clear the algorithm, according to the type of drive this car.
Among motorists perception that peredneprivodny stable car behaves in winter on slippery roads. Many drivers have made their choice in favor of front-wheel drive and more want to hear nothing about the background (and in full has not yet acquired). Indeed, front-wheel drive has some advantages in the winter. By car from the front drive rather difficult to stick. The point is that the engine block with a gearbox is over the front wheels, providing them with the download, which, in turn, increases the contact, the front drive wheel with the road surface. In short, leave the yard or overcome zasnezhennogo impenetrable plot to winter, when snow is not open by the road with the front drive is much easier than the reverse. At the rear wheel drive vehicles the main weight is given to the front wheels and rear, the key is not enough pressure, tend to probuksovke. Just give advice: worth throw in the trunk of a car axle rear-wheel for the winter ballast. For example, a sandbag weighing 40-60 kilograms. And keep in mind: in the deep snow or on ice-wheel-axle rear-wheel cars must be always absolutely straight. The slight movement of the steering wheel is great resistance to the front wheels and rear immediately begin to slip.
When going to the net the way everything is different. Peredneprivodnye cars have a clear tendency to lack povorachivaemosti. This means that at some point on the slippery road to turn on reaching the limits of adhesion of the front wheels to the road, they begin to slide and the car ceases to answer the helm, went on a tangent from the desired trajectory. In these cases, the drivers are usually released the gas pedal in the hope that the front wheels will rediscover the contact with the road when a car a few sbavit speed. Brakes in this situation can not be - it only worsen the case. Demolition of the front axle vehicle peredneprivodnogo ceteris paribus on slippery roads occurs much later than skidding rear axle on the "classics". So, in the same turn "peredneprivodnik" pass more quickly. The trouble is that this car is out of control suddenly. "Classic" will also advance warning the driver drifts the rear axle. With even a small experience of driving, the bank is very easy to monitor and pay (about how to do this, will see below).
The question arises: why in the winter racing peredneprivodnye cars left behind zadneprivodnye? They have the obvious advantage that it is now on the "classics" few dare to compete with "peredneprivodnikami. Rede is very simple: avtogonschik is able to deploy peredneprivodny the car when passing through a rotation around the front wheels, "zabrasyvaya" rear of the car at the desired level. In this case, the car goes, of course, to the side where the front wheels look, and moderate turn passes. In the standard car this method is as follows: without releasing the gas pedal, left foot is podtormazhivanie. Rear-wheel drive is slightly blocked, and the car turns around the axis in the front car, the correct driver angle. Receiving this is not as simple as it seems, and requires a long and thorough training. At the special sports car racer in the arsenal of a special control of braking, which allows you to transfer the work front and rear brakes, if not turn off the rear. This device allows you to achieve fantastic results in the rapid passage of slippery turns on "peredneprivodnikah. The above admission has nothing to do with the usual driver and can not be practiced in normal everyday driving in a car. And that's why. Experienced avtogonschik different from a simple driver that, as a result of long training, he is able to fully control their psychomotor reaction. Suppose your peredneprivodny the car in a slippery turn suffered directly into a tree. In 99 cases out of 100 will be inadvertently pressed the brake to stop, that will worsen the situation. Avtogonschik sure coolly clicks on gas and "drawn" from the car difficult situation. He successfully bypasses the tree. Second, what distinguishes avtogonschika - is the ability to act appropriately when driving at high speed, it's normal for him - this is his element. Common driver drives, in general, not very fast, in any case, it is forced to do the speed limit. So if he suddenly pomchitsya, it will automatically put itself in a difficult situation - he was not accustomed to the speed and does not know how to lead vehicle in critical situations.
On the demolition of the front-wheel-drive vehicles or rear axle is happening at an even greater speed than that of "peredneprivodnikov, but also to control or halt the demolition started much more difficult. In a slippery turn-wheel-drive vehicles are neposlushen. And to cope with them is possible only after special training. The danger is that inexperienced driver vehicles creates the illusion of confidence and permissiveness. Indeed, it is stable on slippery roads, but for the time being.
Before I describe the simple exercises that will teach you to control the vehicle at the time of skidding and talk about everyday, routine things. We do not avoid discussions with the driver at the wheel. The long-trite theme, and yet ... Proper landing at the wheel of a comfort and convenience for the driver. Place the stretched his hand on the top of the steering wheel, referring to the steering wheel or the middle of the hand wrist, shovels while pressed to the back of the seat. Now take over the steering wheel with both hands in the "no three-fifteen." The hands are very slightly bent at the elbows. Hold the steering wheel pretty hard, using it as an additional point of support. Do not believe that those who say that elongated hands quickly tired - it's not true. They rely on the steering wheel, as if hanging on it. This is convenient, then they will not be tired. This is the only correct option.
Go to the situation of the legs. It is equally important. Here's what you need to pay attention: when you press the clutch pedal, the left leg should be almost completely straighten, the right is arranged so that the foot was on their heels, relying on the floor, and lay on top of the brake pedal. When you press the gas pedal just enough to turn the upper part of the feet, not changing the status of the right heel. This is very important: to move back foot on the brake, it is enough to turn the top of the left foot, not removing the heels of their sex. You'll save a fraction of a second, but they are something and will be crucial. Remember: The smaller your legs bent in the knee joint and the recovery, the easier and faster than you can run from the pedals. Move the seat away and adjust once more the situation of hands on the steering wheel. In short, your posture should resemble the one that is itself when you're comfortable, slightly OUT, organize the home front of the TV.
