The views of the sale of petroleum products is the firm conviction that the imported diesel engines in our conditions, in principle, can not «ferment» his life, the main reason for what - the quality of diesel fuel. «For the production of parts to the engine needs irreproachable work. I doubt that it is driven to move to Russia ... »
Rudolf Diesel
These words of the famous German engineer, invented in the late XIX century, compression-ignition engines, made in response to the proposal of Russian industry to produce these engines in Russia. Yet it is with us at the beginning of XX century Kolomensky zavod in St. Petersburg have mastered the production of ship diesel engines at a time when Germany had already abandoned them after a series of failed experiments. The inventor then recognized the great potential of Russian industry: «What a pity that we ourselves in Europe behind you» (!)
By an irony of fate only at the end of XX century in Russia there were small diesel engines working volume for «consumer». And because of its light engines for heavy fuel and is still not acquainted with them had the same due to foreigners. We mainly Japanese, Korean and then chill in Japan.
But Asians, as it turned out, and do not understand all the heritage Diesel. In any case, do not take into account the specifics of the Russian operation. And our people had to undergo stringent dizelizatsiyu hand. In close, so to say, cooperation: some are selfless, others correct mistakes and draw conclusions.
Yes, diesel - it sounds. Sounds proudly. Strong smooth traction, a moderate appetite, more affordable fuel, in theory, the high life - all this is perfectly in harmony with the ideas of practicality and unpretentiousness of exploitation, which is especially valuable for the utilitarian transport type jeep or truck-passenger wagon to really let on a purely commercial model. In general, the advantages are obvious. What disadvantages? They below.
However, following only the results of the generalized experience of Irkutsk services - «PolitehAvtoGrada». Masters of the service involved in the complex repair cars since the early 90's, have a higher technical education and academic titles, taught at the university. Just so - now give lectures, and tomorrow the whole day in the womb disassembled engine. In general, the overhaul of Japanese and Korean diesel has become one of the main workshops.
Science and Life
When the normal spare parts have not been to restore the friction surfaces have mastered the technology of low temperature plasma spraying. By the way, developed at the Department of Politehe welding. How many engines were returned in such a way of life, no longer find it, but telling fact: repair know-how so far has been successfully applied in a particularly difficult cases.
But the appearance of normal repair parts are not brought prosperity. Masters opened the truth, which differed with the usual logic faults. We had to learn maintenance, for which there is no spare parts, in principle, for example, to restore tresnutye head units. By the standards of engine manufacturers, this is nonsense, and in some cases impossible, in principle, but as they say, creates the demand needed. However, many of which opened.
While in general terms, all diesel engines, usually turn up from a few root causes, is a separate, but more often in friendly alliance with excellent synergistic effect. This is a low and dirty fuel, Bad oil, killed (and often not done constructively) cooling system and high speed on the highway. And, if we take the most common in our Asian concept cars of diesel engines, namely prechamber head of aluminum alloy, the degree of influence of the first two elements are not as critical as the last two, which led to major trouble - overheating, a sentence to death the head and other ills is almost no cases of a pardon.
And that is typical, is not important, turbocharged diesel engine or atmospheric «breathing». Sam compressor - something forced and sensitive, humble servant, in the lives of orders «system». The work, although it is straining the system, but it is not contrary to, on the contrary, ozdorovlyaet. Use the energy of exhaust gases, doomed to besslavnuyu participation, and directed to improving the efficiency of the engine - which is better? Harmony!
And this is what really leads to a true engine of destruction - it is speed. And he honestly about it warns its limited operating ranges, sooner «zatykayas» in the promotion. But we have something like? Arose in the left lane, press the trigger until it stops, and has gone hand in 140. Is not represented, what processes are at this moment pass inside the engine.
And they are, in fact, suspended. The engine is simply not able to «is a»! Unlike gasoline, diesel is a classic of its special nature. It is inert, the processes of lubrication and cooling of parts in it like zatormozheny. If it «kochegarit» to complete, the harmony of the functioning of the body failed. This is like a theory of change of time and matter at speeds close to the speed of light: a car «left» far and fast, and diesel was «on the ground» and postarel much.
Other stories straight, the show said: «I go on the road 160 - explains the boss is far from old diesel Prado, - suddenly tap, the engine is not pulling, then do glohnet, in short, suddenly died». I found the strongest zadiry in cylinders!
For off-road, where the static mode, diesel engines in his element, but on the track in another monastery. And here and antifreeze, heavily diluted with water and air congestion, all exacerbated. Normal antifreeze at least has a high boiling point, and the water begins to bubble and sooner nedoohlazhdat very hot and the «inert» details.
No more than 110 kilometers per hour - this is the maximum speed for the diesel car, as recommended by our practice. The idea is, that the speed limit should be vychekanen before the eyes of the driver or restricted by force. But Japanese automakers are not kamikazes. They have something to market it right, everything is designed to «mullimetra». At three to four years or even five years, passenger diesels «sharpened» unambiguously. Then it all depends on the design features and how those three or four years, the machine operated. But this knowledge as a pathologist at the table, open at the table kapitalschikov.
Hlyupiki
There is a direct correlation between the share of diesel engines of their working capacity. And there is such a thing as maintainability. There a group of engines, which released a relatively short lifespan, and then they are not beneficial in the repair - often better to replace completely. These include many 4-cylinder up to 2.0 liters, and a little more fitted to passenger cars, vans or minivenah small class. Nebezyzvestnye 2C, 2CT, 3C, 3ST from Toyota, CD-17, CD-20, LD-20 at the Nissan, R2, RF at Mazda, and Mitsubishi 4D65/68 of in the same category.
Factory resource they have somewhere to 300 thousand. If you come to us with a real run to 100 thousand, then under favorable conditions can still work to please, but often are not such a run, and not knowing «blagopriyatstvy». Therefore, quite unexpectedly for the owners of «fresh» vehicles can «get» due to the depreciation TSPG or torn and the behavior of the head.
Refurbished still could go up to 140-180 thousand, recorded a maximum of up to 230 thousand, but the repair is expensive, since the accounting change or recover a lot of detail. Especially in this company has 2ST - and weak in design and difficult to repair.
What specifically they «accused»? Much of the wine, of course, lies in the notorious «conditions», but the question remains, and in a constructive endurance. And a concrete example will never bring myself to wait. Here is a nice minivan Toyota TownAce Noah, only 1997 and already with a raised hood, and removed the head with a diesel engine 3ST (volume 2.2 liters). Head in poor condition: cracks «in finger thickness» in peremychkah between the valves, there may be cracks in forkamerah, as well as cavitation wear surfaces in the zone of the working chamber.
The first - from the weakness of the head, which has not been able to carry long loading regimes, and any problems with the cooling system, it is obvious overheating. The second - an example of academic dedication of our wonderful sour diesel, which the company in proryvayuschimsya «tosolom» suit in the combustion chambers this acid bath. Why metal, to withstand high pressure and temperature begins to literally «vyedatsya», a wood termites.
His support is certainly had failures in the system of power, so that it may take up to piston-through has been close. The verdict is likely to be - the replacement of the head, as the brew and restore such damage simply does not make sense.
СереднЯки
For more and maintainability, or rather to say, remontovygodnym include a group of diesel engines, which keeps and «shock» of our fleet. It is also a 4-cylinder engine, but the amount of approximately 2.4 to 3.0 liters. Need I say, what layer of cars they unite? Legion. No, the army! Here and popular off middle class and small commercial vehicles. After the quality Refurbished середняки still going on, and 250, and 300 thousand kilometers.
But they are not all so clearly - is complex and diverse world of the middle class, and the karma they have no sugar. A common under the hood prestigious jeeps, they provoke in the high-speed exploits, after which gives not only probitymi pads and split heads, but zadirami in TSPG and tension in the Russian Museum. All this may auknutsya even in Japan, but we have to respond very quickly.
Of this cohort to the most widely used because it is Toyota, but not besproblemnym include 2.4-liter 2LT and the newer 3.0-liter 1KZ, «fashion» now on a fresh generation HiLux Surf, Prado or HiAce Granvia. Both turbo, but it does not matter, because the same problems seen in naturally aspirated 2L or 3L. Just those two, that is, at best popularity rating.
So, the point that after 7-8 years of life, these diesel engines tendentiously «forgiven» head. And since the purchase of cars and second-hand accounts about this age, it has already started to: take a car with such a diesel engine - Buy spare head. Useful in the not too distant time, perhaps at the earliest, just перегоне with the home market. As it was, for example, the Rostov peregonschikami that gnali East Granvia c 1KZ and in Winter understand that increasing the temperature and antifreeze vykipayuschy «dotyanut» before the House would not allow. Dotyagivat had to turn to Irkutsk, in tow, where they replaced raskolotuyu head.
Ten recommendations from the professionals
1.Esli will soon go on the road, buy a car with a gasoline engine (the more the difference in the price of fuel is not the principal).
2.Zimoy diesel car is better to keep in «uteplennom» place, because frequent launches on cold significantly undermine his «health».
3.Ne fill the tank diesel suspected colors such as yellow. Well even if there «pumping» dead engine only substitute fuel.
4.Krome sulfur water remains the worst enemy of diesel oil. Ideally refueling - in separate containers with good gas station and then into a tank through setochku after a long sludge.
5.Masla for diesel engines must not only more likely to change, but also possess the following basic parameters: high dispersal and wear properties, stability and the overall high resistance to adverse effects «polishing» cylinders (if there is excessive accumulation of soot and dust). Road dust - the strongest abrasive and in-cylinder diesel engine often falls due to the leakage of air tract. Next!
6.Ne dolivayte in cooling water, not fill the suspect antifreeze and watch the expansion bachkom - is an indicator of the state of the diesel engine.
7.Prezhde than give zahandrivshy diesel into the arms of cleansing apparatus Wynn's, a good idea to make a general diagnostic systems - not just whether it is time for more serious repair?
8.Diagnostika - Diesel is good for repair or to change the whole cost is not worth it. The key to the owner - in the typical diesel noise to be able to distinguish the sounds nehoroshie to time to visit specialists.
9.Ispolzovat additives for fuels and cleaning procedures for the fuel system is not forbidden, but only in strict accordance with the instructions and reliable means (well, for example, have proven drugs Hi Gear and Wynn's).
10.Pokupaesh diesel car second-hand - should have in store for a possible overhaul.
Theoretically, the more voluminous 1KZ with the same degree forsirovki had greater resources than the 2LT, but overheating, probably better not to transfer. In addition, much has been capricious in repairs. If the crack in the head 2LT almost 100% of cases are suitable for the restoration, the 1KZ only half of the cases - if the cracks are only peremychkah between the valves. If, on the hull of the prechamber, nothing can be done, and that the contrary, it is impossible to find outside work on the engine. Sometimes zalechivali cracked jumpers placed the head, and it continued «Sithonia» antifreeze.
In this connection it is necessary to say about preventive diagnosis and prevention of such problems. Loss «tosola» is often perceived as a problem with the radiator, the perceived service. There are examples where the HiLux Surf 1994 with 1KZ three times repairing the cooling system, eliminating the loss of antifreeze, but he is already a vengeance vygoral through cracks in the head.
Loss of antifreeze above all should «go» extended bachke - damaged head there will be a «Steam» and «Jacuzzi». Needless to say, as diesel engines with belt-driven raspredvala, both are in need of timely replacement of the belt - with the breakage of struggling with the valves, pistons.
Kapriznye
Popular off Mitsubishi Pajero and Delica widely felt with two diesel engines: 2.5-liter velikovozrastnym 4D56 and newer 2.8-liter 4M40. Root is not without problems, and because of different design, each in its own way. And 4D56 to «head» is not as «dead», as is often said about him. It is hardly worse than Toyota, but could, and stronger, although the strong overheating makes no unambiguous.
But enough of other weaknesses, and both simple and worry: the weak koromysla and building raspredvala, increased wear cylinder-piston group. And there still balansirny shaft, which is an important master, provides a separate strap. Some ignore his replacement, but in vain - if he falls under the breakage of the belt raspredvala might just replaced, it will tear or proskakivaet, but one result: a meeting with the valves, pistons and fatal damage.
In doing so, the real role of beam, which extinguishes the second-order vibration at idle, it seems petty: our fuel vibration in all diesel engines still seem to be equally high, no advantages over a simple diesel engines Toyota in this regard 4D56 does not detect. Therefore, there is a recommendation is to remove this strap, it is unlikely that without it, life will become the engine is lower than ugotovan fate.
But relatively modern 4M40, except that it is more powerful and tyagovity another, in principle, more advanced in terms of reliability. There is already a chain of transmission raspredvala, but the main thing - an exclusive technology «enhance» mirror cylinder near top dead center, as you know, in the critical wear.
Likewise, it is not clear that the method is a special heat treatment, or metal inserts, but the cylinders in this part are clearly visible «dotted» checker who truly benefit. For 4M40, unlike predecessor, claims on resources TSPG not occur unless the oil is not peresyscheno sazhevoy dust and mud - a remarkable abrasive. Again, in the event of such cylinders Refurbished hardly prone to recovery.
But this brand «shahmatku», understandably, found only at the opening? Yes, because the «head» 4M40 was even poslabey 4D56. Punch pad and crack quite often. Perhaps because of just that high-4M40 provokes more speed on the drive, and prechamber aluminum head here does not have such a margin, as the cylinders. But even a shame - and the chain does not become a panacea for achieving unpretentiousness GRM. Typical disease - its strength and a possible break! So, if the overall noise of the diesel engine is tapped steel «rustle» chain, it is better to change it, but it will cost more than change the belt at the «old» 4D56.
Here's the Japanese who are really out of the cohort of 4-cylinder середняков strong at «head», is nissanovsky maloforsirovanny cast-iron diesel engine series TD, widely known as the SUV Terrano, pick-ups and truck. If Toyota with 2LT comes to repair a head per month for 2-3 cars, one of the popular Nissan TD 27 of the same, but for a year! Very loyal to overheating. In doing so, either belt or chain - lower raspredval, everything appears shesternyami and bars. Rail freight concept! It seems that the most that either there is an example of persistence and unpretentiousness?
Yes, but here are characterized by other problems - increased wear and piston parts GRM: raspredvala cams, axles koromysel, tolkateley valves. Again, these statistics may be due to the typical manner of operation «neubivaemyh» engine nizkosortnom oil. And in this sense is often nissanovskie TD show textbook example of an irreversible collapse of the diesel engine in our environment.
When you wear the piston, often due to high speed and load (and) dust, which formed zadiry in Carter breaks more gas and create excessive pressure. In a ventilation system to get more fuel oil vapors in the cylinder begins vpryskivatsya literally black from the oil mixture. Intensified carbon deposits on pistons and valves, the engine starts to make noise, shake, smoke, eat oil and fuel, not pull. In short, «turn up». The owner starts to fill most cheap oil, after which the avalanche-like system crisis diesel has nothing to stop.
Special
And the fact that oil, despite a similar symbol of quality, really different - has long been confirmed by comparing the practice. For example, the case was identical to the same Korean Refurbished diesel vans with Kia Besta, working on the same route in the same mode. After repairs in one poured a good oil, and other low-cost.
The same results as the likes to read advertising, did not succeed! Worked on the cheap in about a year had to deal with because of knocking kolenvala and bore him liners next workshop size. Worked well, too, had to deal with almost the same mileage, but there were inserts in excellent condition as new. Another point is that the reason for dismantling have been in the other - to break the saddle valve.
Yes, Korean diesel engines produced by a Japanese license, nothing in particular should not be allocated, but there are specific points. For example, a standard diesel engines for the Kia Besta, structurally related 2,2-liter diesel engines Mazda, did not have high resource, but the diesels in the Hi Besta or Topic has a remarkable example of ispolinskoy way. The point is that at the working level of 2.7 and 3.0 liters are crankshaft from the 3.5-liter diesel engine SL, famous for the 2-tonne trucks Mazda Titan.
Resource their prestigious: even after Korea, we are able to ferment to 300-400 thousand, and Refurbished still the same and are often up to 600 thousands, if not to save on oil. But the problem is with the head - with overheating vybivaet saddle valve, after which the fragments break pistons and sleeves. In the case of the saddle have to strengthen the special treatment. Actually, the head of Japanese Mazda diesels do not like to overheat, while the piston is quite rugged and maintainability. Most of the diesel has a cast-iron casings floating type that is easily removed and inserted without any complications when they were run.
In this they differ from the Japanese «King diesels» - Isuzu. Its common diesel cargo volume from 4 to 6 liters differ very good resources, but relatively expensive and difficult to repair. There are thin-walled steel shells, which are set by zapressovki. Bore such shells, we still can, but hone not, therefore, have to change to the new original, is very expensive. And when such shells zapressovke acquire some granenuyu form, which makes the period pritirki details of a high consumption of oil, and it may take up to 20 thousand mileage.
If we talk about off Bighorn, in diesel versions, they were good only until 1998. The famous 3.1-liter 4JG generally strong and reliable engine, even gidroudary could move without any special effects, while the repair is also relatively expensive. But after 1998 Isuzu breakthrough made his new diesel 4GX1, equipped with direct injection ultrahigh-pressure common-rail. And it all turned.
Is there life on our fuel?
The views of the sale of petroleum products is the firm conviction that the imported diesel engines in our conditions, in principle, can not «ferment» his life, the main reason for making the quality of diesel fuel. Indeed, the high content of sulfur, water, mud, non-compliant cetane number and the temperature parafinizatsii - all of this quickly removes fuel systems and power of the engine failure.
If you take the Japanese second-hand, and especially the trucks, the diesel engines are already well «ukatany» at home, and we often begin to smoke and the blues, it would seem, when it is healthy external condition. Nobody knows that instead of selling at odometre figures were two to three and four times as much. And we have some reason to keep the diesel engines made in the oil diet, they say, because large quantities of petrol, then fill that need something simpler and less frequently.
But most striking here that: when to interview the owners of diesel vehicles, is a strange picture - how many will have to refuel, just to cheap. That is, the cheapest fuel tankers, from tractors vorovannym substandard fuel. It must be said, often with the technology shows the wonders of survivability, but in general it turns out that such attitudes have no reason to dump all the fuel.
However, the trend is clear: fleet of diesel cars is becoming more and more difficult range updated constructively, increasing the unit output, and with it the requirements for the quality of fuel. Volume demand for diesel, of course, is also growing, with unprecedented speed. According to some reports, in our region over the past year, only the official retail sales of diesel have increased by at least one-third! The popularity of diesel is already visible on the price at the gas station, she went from the category broadly fuel.
If there is a trend and an increase in illegal trafficking of diesel, including frankly sub. On the demand immediately react illegal structures, which no one can manage to finish.
Meanwhile, Russia's diesel plant could be quite decent. For example, modern GOST TU fuel brand DZECH (diesel winter cleaner) regulates a high physical and chemical characteristics. Thus, limiting temperature filterability (beginning parafinizatsii) should not be above -25 ° C, impurities and water should not be at all but the most critical indicator of quality - mass fraction of sulfur should not exceed 0.05%.
I must say, not very high sulfur option when compared with the best foreign varieties, but progress is evident. For example, when appropriate, such Diesel motor oil is acceptable for any modern diesel engines of Japanese and European production, served in a timely manner.
With only one proviso, that prior to the retail sale of fuel comes in that capacity, delivered and stored on all the rules, checked in laboratory conditions, with a genuine passport, the quality of conformity GOST, TU, etc. By the way, winter diesel fuel is produced at a high technology plant by a special fractional otgona. A «bodyazhniki» his «produce» by blending diesel with more years of light products, it is easier to say, petrol factions. Filterability in this case as it could be, but lubricating properties of fuel and the cetane number will be lost, and the dirt with water, with a mixture will be present for sure.
So, perhaps, trained bitter experience dizelisty no longer rely on «omnivorous» engines, and trying to decide what is proven gas stations.
Efficiency of the engine removed, the reaction as the gasoline engine, diesel typical inertia is no longer there, but life and maintainability have nikudyshnye. This can be seen on the ubiquitous rubber seals, including glasses nozzles on the inaccessibility of diagnosis, according to a failed scheme nutrition. If you wear a pair of plunger LGFET (certainly not ryadnogo), the Diesel starts to leak into the sump pan, razbavlyaya oil with all the known consequences.
One such diesel already «capital», the other changed the pump, which costs $ 1600. At the same time had to correct the structural weaknesses of Japanese minders for the survivability of diesel, the share toplivopodkachivayuschuyu invented a system in such a way that Diesel is not reached in the pan. But all this does not justify a new generation engine, which is alien to our traditional notions of «As required».
And in recent versions of Nissan Terrano also distinguished the new diesel ZD30 with the common-rail, though it masters the service has not yet been worked up. Maybe constructive successful and reliable, but may simply not yet had the effect of low prevalence. Perhaps, all in front.
Aksakals
And short of those who hold the glory of diesel and the most honorable off. Row Six. The most successful example of a resource and maintainability remains with 1HZ and its modifications, known for Toyota Land Cruiser. Despite the upper shaft and belt drive him from LGFET is perfectly balanced design without any explicit weaknesses.
First, it is one of the few diesel engines, which well start on the cold, and when appropriate services can operate up to 500-600 thousand without making visible in the piston! Only dirty or poor quality oil can kill TSPG much earlier. But before that date may also be problems with the head - as cracks due to overheating, and cavitation wear due to the sour diesel and fuel problems with the equipment.
Maintaining it is no special difficulties, most importantly, be able to understand the causes of the problem. There was, for example, the case when the owner of LC-80 wandered service with a bad zvonkim noise at the front of the engine. A replacement has already pripisali entirely, which would cost approximately $ 15000. But the removal of noise, as it turned out later, there were only a thousand dollars. Bad sound issued interim (parazitnaya) gear drive LGFET that «walked» because of the rotation long kolenvala with a small volnoobraznoy amplitude. In turn, his «hlystoobraznoe» rotation was caused by a small indigenous wear liners.
Nissanovsky nizhnevalny TD42 even more rarely visited «at receptions», possibly due to significantly lower the incidence. There was a frank weaknesses he also could not be described, except for those issues that have a 4-cylinder TD in terms of increased depreciation GRM. And anyway, 4.2-liter «chugunka» Nissan much more durable than «little brother» - ryadnaya six RD28 volume of 2.8 liters, who heads security at 2LT or 4D56.
What to say in conclusion? It remains to give some tips and ideas from professionals for those who has or is about to buy a diesel car. As for the other discoveries in the field of heritage Rudolf Diesel, then come back to him yet and probably will not again.
