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TEXAS.
A giant among states, vast Texas was once a sovereign nation. During 300 years of rule by Spain, it had sprawled like a sleeping giant, its riches undeveloped and its colonization limited to a few missions, supported by presidios (military posts). When Mexico became an independent country in 1821, Texas became a Mexican state and new settlers from the United States were welcomed. The large influx of Anglo-American colonists and African American slaves led to skirmishes with Mexican troops.
After a successful war of independence against Mexico, the Texans raised the Lone Star flag over their own republic in 1836. This government was officially recognized by the United States and by several European countries. Then in 1845 Texas accepted annexation by the United States and was admitted to the Union as the 28th state.
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| Wales, or Cymry in Welsh (Welsh: Cymru; pronounced IPA: /ˈkəmɹi/, approximately "KUM-ree") is one of the four constituent parts of the United Kingdom (along with England, Scotland and Northern Ireland). Wales is located in the south-west of Great Britain, and is bordered by England to the east, the Bristol Channel to the south, St George's Channel in the west, and the Irish Sea to the north. Much of Wales's diverse landscape is mountainous, particularly in the north and central regions. The mountains were shaped during the last ice age, the Devensian glaciation. The highest mountains in Wales are in Snowdonia, and include Snowdon, which, at 1085 m (3,560 feet) is the highest peak in England and Wales.
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| Scotland ( Alba in Scottish Gaelic and sometimes known also as Caledonia) is a country of northwest Europe, and one of the four constituent parts of the United Kingdom. Scotland has a land boundary with England on the island of Great Britain and is otherwise bounded by seas and oceans. Three main geographical and geological areas of Scotland make up the mainland: from north to south, the generally mountainous Highlands, the low-lying Central Belt, and the hilly Southern Uplands. The majority of the Scottish population resides in the Central Belt, which contains three of the country's six largest cities, Edinburgh, Glasgow, and Stirling. Most of the remaining population lives in the North-East Lowlands where two of the remaining three cities, Aberdeen and Dundee, are situated. Almost all residents of Scotland speak English, although many also speak various dialects of Lowland Scots which differ markedly from Scottish Standard English. Slightly greater than 1% of the population use Scottish Gaelic as their language of everyday use, primarily in the northern and western regions of the country. Almost all Scottish Gaelic speakers also speak fluent English.
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Texas |
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Date: 15 January 2009 |
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Stretching 1,244 km (773 mi) from east to west and 1,289 km
(801 mi) from north to south, Texas, the Lone Star State, occupies
almost 7.5 percent of the total U.S. land area--a region as large
as all of New England, New York, Pennsylvania, Ohio, andnois combi-
ned. By 1994 Texas had grown to become the second most populous
U.S. state, moving ahead of New York and following California. It
derives its name from the Spanish and Indian words tejas and tec-
has, meaning "friends" or "allies."
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It is true that English vocabulary, which is one of the most extensive among the world's languages contains an immense number of words of foreign origin. Explanations for this should be sought in the history of the language which is closely connected with the history of the nation speaking the language.
THE FIRST CENTURY B. C. Most of the territory now known to us as Europe was occupied by the Roman Empire. Among the inhabitants of the Europe are Germanic tribes. Theirs stage of development was rather primitive, especially if compared with the high civilization of Rome. They are primitive cattle-breeders and know almost nothing about land cultivation. Their tribal languages contain only Indo-European and Germanic elements.
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table 1
The native element The borrowed element
1.Indo-European element I. Celtic (5th – 6th c.A.D.).
2.Germanic element II. Latin
1st group: 1st c.B.C.
2st group: 7th c.A.C.
3st group: the Renaissance period
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