History. At 10-11 a century the part of the northeast of modern Guinea was a part of the state Ghana. On mines near Sigiri, possibly, the part of gold of Ghana which in the cities of Sahelja exchanged on salt and other goods from the North Africa was extracted. In 12 centuries the empire Ghana has broken up, and in 13 centuries on its place there was an empire Mali created by the people malinke. Among the nobility and townspeople Islam has widely extended. Prior to the beginning of 16 centuries of Mali remains powerful force in region. Later a significant part of territory of Mali the empire Gao in the east and created fulbe has seized songajskaja the state Tekrur – in the west. In the middle of 17 centuries bambara from Segou have dethroned the emperor malinke. By then the trade centre has moved at coast where the keen competition between Portuguese was developed, English and French rabotorgovtsami. However in this part of the West African coast the slave-trade has been less extended, than at coast of Nigeria, Dahomey and Senegal. After an official interdiction of a slave-trade in the beginning of 19 centuries coastal areas of modern Guinea continued to involve dealers with the live goods as hardly cut up coastal line supplied reliable shelters for courts rabotorgovtsev for which the British naval vessels hunted. In the middle of 19 centuries on change to a slave-trade trade in a peanut, palm-oil, skins and rubber has come. The European dealers were justified in several trading stations and rendered tribute to leaders of local tribes. Attempts of leaders to increase the size of a tribute have terminated in that France in 1849 has established the protectorate over area of Boke.
In the beginning of 18 centuries in plateau territory Fouta Djallon there was a powerful state fulbe. Its state religion was Islam which then has extended and among inhabitants of coastal areas, many of which rendered tribute to leaders fulbe. The further development of the European trade and creation of new strong points at coast in the middle of 19 centuries has led to friction between Frenchmen and leaders fulbe which in 1861 it was possible to convince to recognise the French protectorate over Boke. Several years earlier in Fouta Djallon justified the militant religious reformer from east Senegal Hadzh the Lobster. To 1848 its popularity among local population has grown so, that began to cause concern at leaders fulbe. Hadzh the lobster has been compelled to get over in Dingirae where he declared jihad (sacred war) in territory of the Western Sudan, first of all to kingdoms Segous and Masina. In 1864 in battle with soldiers Masiny Hadzh the Lobster was lost, and its place was taken by son Ahmad. In 1881 it has concluded with Frenchmen the agreement on which the territory on the left coast of Niger up to Tombouctou has passed under protectorate of France. Later to Ahmad tried to refuse this agreement, but in 1891–1893 has been discharged of the power by Frenchmen.
The longest and resolute resistance to the French colonizers has rendered samori Round. Malinke on an ethnic accessory, it in 1879 has seized the Cancan and has created to the southeast from Sigiri the Muslim state. In 1887 and 1890 Frenchmen have concluded with samori dogovory about friendship, but then denounced them, and military actions were reinstated. In 1898 Frenchmen have seized samori Round near Mana in the west of modern the Cat-d'ivuara and have sent into exile, where he and has died. Capture samori Round has marked the end of the organised resistance of Africans to the French aggressors in territory of modern Guinea though natural performances of Guineans did not cease up to the First World War beginning. In 1895 Guinea it has been switched on in structure of the French Western Africa, and in 1904 after Englishmen have passed Frenchmen of island Los, colony borders have been established. In the French colonial board Guineans have been deprived elementary political rights, paid the capitation tax, them have mobilised for no-charge forced hard labour and on military service.
In 1946 France has gone on creation in Guinea elective territorial assembly and has by degrees softened property and educational qualifications for voting. In 1957 all adult population of a colony could participate in elections, the Governmental advice – the territorial enforcement authority consisting of Guineans has been created.
Fast influence of Democratic party of Guinea (DPG), the mass political organisation headed by trade-union figure Seku Round grew. Thanks to propaganda activities of active workers of a consignment in 1958 almost all population of Guinea has expressed on a referendum against the new French constitution and for an exit of the country from the French Community. As a result of October, 2nd 1958 Guinea has found independence. The choice of Guineans in favour of independence has turned back loss of the French eaid and the investments, the guaranteed seller's market of export production and a technical aid of the qualified experts. The sharp requirement in economic and a technical aid has compelled the new government to address behind the help to the USSR and China that has led still bolshej to isolation of Guinea from France and its allies. In 1965 Guinea has broken off diplomatic relations with France, having accused it in sharing in plot for the purpose overthrows of the Guinean government. By the end of 1960th years Guinea has adjusted relations with a number of the western states that has been largely caused by interest of the country leaders in foreign investments. However nationalisation of trade and agricultural sector has turned back stagnation in all branches of economy of Guinea, except the mining. Though itself Seku Round has saved the authority among the population, the government deal became all less popular, and many thousand Guineans have emigrated.
In November 1970 Guinean emigrants who were in opposition to mode Seku Round, have participated in the armed intrusion on territory of Guinea which has been organised at support of Portugal. This share pursued two main objectives: overthrow of government Seku Round and defeat of bases the guerrilla struggling for clearing of the Portuguese Guinea (nowadays – Guinea-Bissau). Rebels have been fast broken. After unfortunate attempt of aggression mass cleanings in machinery of state and armed forces of Guinea have been spent. In August 1977 on cities the wave of disorders during which time some governors of the provinces nominated DPG have been killed has swept. After these events of the politician of a Guinean management it was sharply changed. In the late seventies political reprisals oslabli, broad masses had an opportunity to participate in a public life, private trade has been allowed. Relations of Guinea with the next African states and the West countries have improved. In 1976 diplomatic relations with France have been restored.
Seku Round has died on March, 26th 1984, and already on April, 3rd 1984 group of military men led by colonel Lansanoj Kont has carried out bloodless revolution. The military authorities have dismissed DPG, have released all political prisoners. Economic reforms of a mode Kont have not brought positive results. In 1991 the new constitution providing creation of a transition government, and then multi-party republic has been accepted. As the first step on a transition way to civil board activity of political parties has been legalised. By results of spent in 1993 countries of multi-party elections first in history Kont has been selected by the president. The parliamentary elections 1995 accompanied by numerous collisions and acts of violence, the unity and progress Consignment, headed Kont has won.
In 1996 Kont has nominated the new cabinet and has entered a post of the prime minister quoted as the president. To the government Kont has assigned a problem more vigorously to spend the program of economic reforms providing reduction of the State expenditure, struggle against corruption and levy machinery effectivization.
