In the beginning of XVI century various ethnic groups occupied territory of modern Argentina: Tеhuelches (in modern Patagonia), Rehuelches, Рampas, Matacos (in areas Chako, Salta and Tucuman), Guaycures, Huerpes, Diaguitas, Mapuches (in neukene, Rio negro, Chubut, La Pampas and Buenos Aires), Guaranies (in Entre Rios, Corrientes and Misiones) etc. When in the beginning of XVI century the first Europeans have arrived to Argentina, the American natives have already stopped advancement Inkov on the south from territory of Peru through Bolivia in a direction of the Argentina north. In 1516г. Spaniard Juan Solis has landed on coast Rio de la the Payment, however Indians have rendered konkvistadoram resistance, and expedition has failed. Four years later Magellan has risen on Rio de la the Payment in search of a navigable way, the Atlantic and Silent oceans. Having convinced, that such way does not exist, Magellan has continued swimming in a southern direction and has wintered on coast of Patagonia. Here there was a first meeting with Indians Tеhuelches which Magellan has named Patagonians. From here there was also a name of the region which is in the extreme south of Argentina. Later Magellan has opened passage which carries his name and connects Atlantic ocean with Silent.

In 1527г. Sebastjan Kaboto and its contender Diego Garsija have passed on the rivers Paranas and Paraguay. They have based small fort Sankti Spiritus on crossing of the rivers Karanja and Koronda near to a place of their connection with the river Parana. However two years later, the fort has been destroyed by Indians, and Kaboto and Garsija have returned to Spain.

Eight years later, in 1535г. Pedro de Mendoza, being in the head of the expedition possessing a considerable quantity of horses and provisions, has based a fort Santa Maria del It is violent Ajre, capital of modern Argentina. It is a little time later, natives have prevented activity of Mendoza, and the fort has been left it, itself Mendoza has returned home. However, it has organised sending of not numerous expedition under the guidance of Juan de Ajolasa along the river Parana. Ajolas has left to order expedition Iralu, and itself has gone to Peru (already won Pisarro). Destiny Ajolasa is unknown. It is known only, that in 1537г. Irala and its people have based Asuncion (capital of modern Paraguay), natives of this territory have shown smaller animosities. Spaniards did not undertake following attempts to organise expedition for colonisation of territory which is now Argentina. Only in 1573г. From Asuncion in a southern direction the group which has become stronger in area which to us is known as modern city of Santa Fe has been directed. In seven years, on June, 11th 1580г. Juan de Garaj, has restored Santa Maria del Bueno Ajre. However only at its receiver Ernando Arias Saavedra (1592-1614) new colony has found force.

Nevertheless, a number of the expeditions organised to Argentina from territories of Peru and Chile, have brought success. The first expedition has taken place in 1543г. In second half XVI centuries the specified expeditions which have proceeded on way Inkov, have led to creation of the oldest cities of Argentina in the east from the Andes: Santiago del Estero, Tucuman, Cordoba, Salta, La Rioja, Jujuy, and also San Juan, Mendoza, San Luis, following from territory of Chile through the Andes.

In 1776 the Vice-kingdom Rio de la the Payment into which structure have entered Paraguay, Argentina, Uruguay and a part of Bolivia with capital in Buenos Aires has been formed. In 1805 and 1806 military parts of Kingdom of the Great Britain have been crushed in their attempts to win city of Buenos Ajres. The large bourgeoisie has headed revolutionary movement in 1810г., as a result of which victory Incorporated Provinces Rio de la the Payment have been formed. On May, 25th 1810г. The municipal council declared dissolution of Vice-kingdom and introduction of board of king Fernando of VII Napoleon.

In March 1816г. In Tucuman representatives of several provinces were going to. On July, 9th independence of Spain and creation of Incorporated Provinces of the South America (after Incorporated Provinces Rio de la the Payment) have been proclaimed. Though at the head of the new state there was a Supreme governor, the Congress could not come to the agreement on the government form. Many of delegates, in particular delegates from a city and a province Buenos Aires, were supporters of constitutional monarchy. The specified position which then has been changed in favour of the centralised republican system, has faced opposition in the name of delegates from other provinces which defended federal system of a state system. Discussion between two fractions has led to civil war 1819г. General José de St Martin has headed army which has won Spaniards. A dignity Martin has brought the considerable contribution to struggle business for independence of Argentina, Chile and Peru.

The world has been restored in 1820г. Nevertheless, the main question, namely creation of the stable form of board, has appeared unresolved. Within next decade Incorporated provinces worried a status of anarchy to which was promoted by war with Brazil 1825-27гг. Brazil has suffered defeat in the conflict concerning territorial claims for Uruguay. As a result of the conflict Uruguay has turned to the independent state.

To political confusion the end in 1829г has been put. As a result of elections on a post of the governor of Incorporated Provinces of Juan Manuelja de Rosas. The supporter of federalism, Rosas has considerably strengthened friendship relations between provinces thanks to what has achieved broad support. Its influence has extended on Incorporated provinces which have been transformed to the Argentina Confederation. During board Rosasa resistance of opposition has been suppressed, and groups of oppositionists have gone underground.

In 1883г. The Great Britain occupied Malvinas Islands.
Dictatorial mode Rosasa was will dethrone in 1852г. Group under the guidance of general Husto Urkisa who was earlier governor Entre Rios. The victory has been reached, thanks to the help received by the general from Uruguay and Brazil. In 1853г. The Constitution of Argentina has been accepted, and Urkisa became the first president of republic Argentina. Province Buenos Ajres has not joined the constitution and in 1854г. Has proclaimed independence. Mutual enmity of two states has led to war 1859г. The Argentina republic has quickly won, and in October 1859г. Province Buenos Ajres has joined the Constitution. However it became the centre of the new mutiny directed against the federal government which has burst in 1861г. Under command of general Bartolome Mitre rebels have inflicted defeat in September of the same year of national army. On November, 5th the President of republic declared the resignation. In May of next year Mitre has been elected by the Congress on a post of the president, and Buenos - Ajres became capital of Argentina. As a result of the specified events province Bunos-Ajres richest and influential in Union, has achieved the control over other territory of the country.

Disorders in Uruguay have led to intervention of Paraguay on territory of Argentina in 1865г. So bloody war of the tripartite alliance which has ended with a victory for Argentina, Brazil and Uruguay in 1870г has begun.

Next decade was marked by gain Las a Pampas, known now as province Rio negro in which course threat from natives has been eliminated. This so-called War of Desert (1879-1880) under the guidance of general Hulio of Fate has opened a way to the extensive territories favorable for development of agriculture and animal industries. In 1880г. Fate, the opponent of an eminence of Buenos Aires, has been elected on a post of the president. In the years which have followed its victory, Buenos Aires has been separated from a province and it is confirmed as capital of Argentina and federal district. As a result of long border conflict from Chile in 1881г. The contract on which Argentina has received the control on a part of territory of an island Tierra del Fuego has been signed.

In 1895г. Other border conflict, already with Brazil, has been left to the United States. Argentina has received 65.000 sq. km of new territory. In 1899г. Argentina was vvergnuta in serious opposition from Chile concerning Patagonian border. Dispute has been resolved in 1902г. At intermediary of the Great Britain also has come to the end with an establishment operating and until now borders between Argentina and Chile.

Within 50 years which have followed for 1880г., Argentina has achieved considerable economic and social successes. In the first decade of the XX-th century Argentina became one of the leading states of the South America. In the XX-th century beginning Argentina has turned to one of the richest countries of the world. Popularity of Argentina has increased with arrival in the country of millions Europeans. Social conditions in Argentina remained stable up to 1930г., when the military coup d'etat has burst. One more military coup d'etat 1943г. Has led Juan Domingo Perona's to power. Peron promoted distribution and growth of influence of the industrial unions, government Perona has raised the salary of workers. In 1946г. Peron has been selected by the president of Argentina. Peron and his wife Eva (Evita), supervising realisation of social programs, used the big popularity among broad masses. However, with deterioration of an economic situation of the country, mode Perona became more and more avtokratichnym. Attempts Perona sekuljarizirovat the state have led to the conflict to Catholic church. Mode Perona was will dethrone in 1955г.

As a result of change of some military governments Peron in Has returned to the power, but has died in 1974г., having left the second wife Isabel who did not have political experience. In its board revolutionaries of Marxist sense Montoneros have untied terorizm posluzhivshym the justification of the military coup d'etat which has happened in Then the army has untied own “dirty war” against all whom military men considered as "blasting elements”: thousand Argentineans have been killed and have been declared by missing persons. In 1981г. Instead of general Videly who has discharged of power Izabel Peron, the post of the president was occupied with general Roberto Viola. Less than a year later Violu general Leopoldo Galtieri has replaced.

In 1982г. With a view of overcoming of economic crisis Galtieri has given the order of the Argentina army to land on Malvinas Islands, which territory with 1833г. It has been occupied by the Great Britain. To surprise of the government of the military men, the Connected kingdom has directed the armies to Southern Atlantic and in three months the Argentina army has been crushed, and islands have returned to the Great Britain. Galtieri has retired, and in 1983г. As a result of democratic elections to the power Raul Alfonsin, the candidate from the Radical civil union has come. In a finding at power Alfonsina the economy of Argentina has gone through heavy crisis with the highest rate of inflation. In May 1989г. The leader of the country, come to power democratic by, became the son of the Syrian immigrants Carlos Saul Menem, the head hustitsialistskoj (peronistskoj) parties. Before Menem within 6 years was the chief executive.

The first 18 months of finding Menema at the power have appeared very difficult. With At active participation of Minister of Economics Domingo Kavallo programs of liberalisation of economy and development of free trade were spent. As president Menem has achieved basic changes in the Argentina economy, and also establishments of political stability. Menem has been re-elected by the president of Argentina. Elections Became the third under the bill democratic elections in country history. The Peronistsky party headed Menemom, also has won on congressional elections and has received the majority in the Chamber of Deputies. Not looking at certain economic difficulties, Argentina has left behind gloomy years of military dictatorship, the people of Argentina live in the conditions of developed democratic freedom.

In On a post of the president of Argentina Fernando de la Rua, candidate of the party Frepaso have been selected. Thus, in history of Argentina after Raul Alfonsina and Carlos Menema (2 terms), Fernando de la Rua is the fourth president selected on the post as a result of democratic elections.